Cognitive Language and Learning Disabilities
1. Reading Aloud & Highlighting
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Read entire text aloud - B, LV, CLL, D/HOH
- Read words or blocks of text aloud when highlighted or clicked - LV, CLL
- Highlight each word as it is read aloud - LV, CLL
- Provide pronunciation help on-demand - CLL
- Allow the user to correct text-to-speech mispronunciations and/or retrieve pronunciation corrections from a central source - B, LV, CLL
2. Reorganizing, Simplifying, & Translating
2.1 Visual Transformations
- Adjust colors according to user settings - LV, CLL
- Adjust text font, including size and spacing (leading and kerning) - LV, CLL
- Adjust contrast or use a low contrast mode - LV, CLL
- Adjust magnification - LV, CLL
- Use a customized, alternate style sheet (CSS) - LV, CLL
- Use or provide special fonts to facilitate reading by people with Dyslexia - LV, CLL
2.2 Reorganizations
- Reformat displayed text to facilitate reading - LV, CLL
- Reformat web page display with a balanced depth & breadth of menus - B, CLL, PHY
- Group links according to context - B, CLL, PHY
- Create consistency (of controls, navigation, layout, labels, and icons) among web pages, while maintaining distinguishable appearances of pages - B, LV, CLL
2.3 Other Transformations
- Prevent flashing to reduce risk of epileptic seizures and reduce distractions - LV, CLL
- Transform content to conform to accessibility standards - B, LV, CLL, PHY, D/HOH
- Provide Alternate Simpler Web Browser - CLL
- Translate from formats intended for visual presentation - B, CLL
2.4 Sign and Other Language Translation
- Translate text into a simpler language - CLL
- Retrieve and link to existing simpler language version- CLL
- Translate text into more familiar language- CLL
2.5 Graphic Translations
- Translate text to symbols - CLL
- Translate text to pictures - CLL
- Convert emoticons to icons and set an alternate text label - B, CLL
2.6 Adjust/remove time limits on reading, listening, or acting
- Provide ability to pause, rewind, and replay multimedia - B, CLL
- Provide ability to extend or remove time limits on reading - B, LV, CLL, PHY
- Provide ability to extend or remove time limits on completing an action (filling in a form, etc) - B, LV,CLL, PHY
3. Supplementing Page Content
Most of the following can be done either by an automated tool or by collaborative/third party markup:
3.1 Word level enhancements and definitions
- Retrieve a definition for any selected word from a glossary/online resource - CLL
- Retrieve a definition for a selected idiom from an online resource - CLL
- Retrieve a definition for a selected abbreviation, acronym, or technical term from an online resource -CLL
- Retrieve a definition for foreign language phrases - CLL
3.2 Page & Site Level Enhancements
- Support collaborative third party markup (customized accessibility scripts for web pages that are designed by and shared among users) - B, LV, PHY, CLL, D/HOH
- Provide descriptions of links - B, CLL
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Generate site maps - B, CLL
- Display breadcrumbs - list of previously visited pages and path to current page - B, CLL
3.3 Integrated Help & Reminders
- Provide cues and prompts to aid browsing - CLL
- Provide contextual help - CLL
- Offer real-time assistance - CLL
4. Audio Enhancement
Automatically do AND/OR give the user the ability to.
- Reduce/eliminate background noise - D/HOH, CLL
- Adjust pace of speech/audio - D/HOH, CLL
- Adjust volume and pitch - D/HOH, CLL
5. Adjustable or Alternate Input Devices
Automatically adjust or allow the user to adjust input settings..
5.1 Alternate Text Entry Methods
- Voice input: Make all functionality available via voice control - B, PHY, CLL
- Virtual / On-screen keyboard - PHY, CLL
- Accept symbol-based input - PHY, CLL
5.2 Automation of Common Tasks
- Provide customizable hotkeys that perform actions with fewer keypresses - PHY, CLL
- Provide Macros that re-play a set of pre-recorded actions with a single keypress - PHY, CLL
- Provide customizable shortcuts to help users jump to the content they need - PHY, CLL
6. Facilitating Written Communication
- Automatically check spelling and grammar - CLL
- Assist with homophones (e.g. intelligently choose between "their," "there," and "they're" given the context) - CLL
- Automatically predict/complete words and phrases - CLL
- Read letters and words aloud as they are typed - B, LV, CLL
7. Error Prevention & Recovery
- Help minimize errors - B, LV, CLL, PHY, D/HOH
- Provide general strategies and contextual aid to safely recover from errors - B, LV, CLL, PHY, D/HOH
7.1 Safe internet use
- Assist in judging credibility and authenticity of sites - CLL
- Maintain a list of trusted sites - CLL
8. Preference & Privacy Features
- Automatically determine and adjust settings - B, LV, CLL, PHY, D/HOH
- Choose preferred features and adjust settings with a user-friendly feature wizard - B, LV, CLL, PHY, D/HOH
- Provide settings and options that are easy to try out and modify (because settings may cause confusion) - B, LV, CLL, PHY, D/HOH
9. Special
9.1 Virtual Worlds & Gaming
- Provide audio descriptions of objects in local area (within a selective perception / "virtual horizon") -B, LV, CLL
9.2 Accessible Authentication Methods
- Provide accessible CAPTCHAs to authenticate access to websites - B, LV, CLL
- Enable secure access without a memorized password - CLL
